Heat & thermodynamics › Gas-particle simulator
Gas-particle thermodynamics laboratory
Watch macroscopic gas laws emerge from microscopic motion, collisions, heating, cooling and compression.
What to notice
Pressure arises from particle impacts on the chamber walls. Temperature measures average random kinetic energy. Heating increases typical speeds; compression reduces volume, raises collision frequency and usually increases pressure. At equal temperature, lighter molecules move faster than heavier ones.
PV = NkBT · ⟨Ek⟩ = kBT in 2D · vrms = √(2kBT/m)
Educational two-dimensional hard-disc model. It is not a full three-dimensional molecular-dynamics or real-gas calculation.